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► CAR HISTORY > ARTICLESDaimler and Benz - founders of automotive industry
In the end of XIX century automotive industry
development moved slowly and slowly: with modern it made related
unless an internal combustion engine. However in 1914, with the
First World War beginning, - after only 29 years from the moment of
occurrence of the first simple model of Benz - basic principles of
the modern car actually have already been put in pawn. The automotive industry branch has been put in pawn in Germany, where in 1885 Karl Benz (1848-1929) has designed three-wheeled "a vehicle with the gasoline engine". Then Gottlieb Daimler (1834-1900) has constructed a bicycle with the motor, and year later - "vehicle" on motor pull-rod. Karl Benz's three-wheeled creation (1886) became the first-ever car started in industrial production. Its engine a working volume of 1,7 litres settled down horizontally. The huge sizes the flywheel behind acted. At the beginning of automotive industry this "monster" steered, as a rule, by means of the T-shaped wheel. In Benz's three-wheeled car (1885) the engine with water cooling was used. It settled down horizontally together with a huge horizontal flywheel. The engine actuated rear wheels, by means of a belt and chains by means of simple differential. It was possible to consider as the greatest achievement of design thought presence of an electric ignition and an inlet valve with a mechanical drive gear. In a primary variant the engine working volume made 985 cubic sm, size insufficient even for car dispersal. Therefore, when the car has been started in manufacture, on it have established more powerful motor a working volume of 1,7 litres, and also a two-level gear box. The engine power year from a year increased: from 0,75 h.p. to 2,5 h.p. of It was enough for driving (enough dangerous) with the maximum speed of 19 km/hour. However Benz continued search, and its child is fast has successfully acted in known then races London-to-Brighton Run, possessing average speed of 13 km/hour. Industrial (in modern understanding of this word) car manufacture has begun in 1890. Three years later "Benz" has exhausted the first four-wheel cars. Created on the basis of a three-wheeled design, by then they seemed frankly old-fashioned. However, despite a silent course and primitiveness, they differed simplicity, availability in maintenance operation and repair and durability. Later there was a two-cylinder version, but, under Benz's insisting, initial technical decisions basically remained invariable. Modernisation of the first four-wheel "Benz" (1892) proceeded till 1901. Despite unpretentiousness of a design, such cars it has been exhausted more than 2300 cars. |
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Rudolf
Dizel - the few know, who this person. However popularity of his
invention which cannot be overestimated, grows every day. The diesel
engine use both motorists, and railwaymen, and seamen.
It
is difficult to find an automobile forum in which dispute on the
right and left wheel did not inflame. Division into the right and
left parties of movement has begun even before occurrence of the
first car.
The
XX-th century beginning is marked in world history by a car industry
birth. The end of 30th years of last century associates, as a rule,
with Germany, Adolf Hitler and the war beginning in Europe.
England
remained behind France and Germany on manufacture of cars. The first
"Daimler", created by Englishmen, has appeared in 1897. It
represented only a model copy "Panhard et Levassor", equipped with
engines "Daimler" which were originally imported from Germany.
While
in Germany Benz worried crisis, and the Daimler, despite of
everything, aspired to perfection of the models, France has accepted
relay race of the technical initiative. The firm "Panhard et
Levassor" which first specialised on release of tape saws and
processing machine tools was the strongest.